Final Exam Info
Final exam grade distribution (not including one 0% score):
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The final exam will be a comprehensive exam of all material covered in the course and will take place on the last day of class, Friday, August 9th during the normal class period (11:00 AM - 12:35 PM in Duane G1B30). There will be four sections, as detailed below.
Two practice final exams can be found here (see the pages 2-3 for a list of resources that will be provided):
Practice Final 1 (Answer Key)
Practice Final 2 (Answer Key)
Permitted materials:
- You will be allowed to bring ONE 8½''×11'' sheet of paper with anything you want written on BOTH SIDES. The information on the second and third pages of the practice exam will be provided for you the day of the midterm.
- You may bring any calculator that is not able to access the internet.
- Any standard test-taking tools are also allowed (pencils, erasers, etc.).
Content:
The final exam will be divided into the four sections detailed below. In general, anything covered in the course (lecture notes, tutorials, homeworks, demos) may show up on the exam, but it may benefit you to focus your studies on the topics associated with each section of the exam. In addition to those topics, you should be familiar with how to work with SI unit prefixes, how to convert between different unit systems, and how to perform simple algebraic manipulations (including working with logarithms). All necessary conversion factors will be provided.
Section 1: Matching
In this section, you will be asked to match the following list of 7 effects to a list of examples of their applications in real life.
- Doppler effect
- Octave equivalence
- Missing fundamental effect
- Helmholtz resonance
- Helmholtz motion
- Vortex shedding
- Bernoulli effect
Section 2: Multiple Choice
This section will contain 7 multiple choice questions covering sound propagation and characterics of sound.
Section 3: Instrument
In this section, you will be asked to answer questions about a specific musical instrument. The question format will be short answer, and to prepare, you should know the following information about each of the main instruments we have covered:
- What category the instrument belongs to (chordophone, aerophone, etc.)
- How to draw standing waves for different modes
- How sound is produced on the instrument
- How to change the instrument's pitch
- What the spectrum looks like (harmonic versus inharmonic, which harmonics are allowed, etc.)
- What the approximate sound envelope looks like (short/long decay, sustain, etc.)
Section 4: Spectrogram Analysis
In this section, you will be asked to answer questions about a mystery spectrogram, which will contain the sound produced by some animal (possibly human). The question format will be short answer, and you should be prepared to read values off of a graph, identify relevant spectrogram features, and possibly make calculations.
Midterm Exam Info
Midterm grade distribution (not including two 0% scores):
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The midterm exam will take place on Tuesday, July 23 during the normal class period (11:00 AM - 12:35 PM in Duane G1B30). There will be 38 multiple choice questions, each worth 2.63% of the total grade for the midterm exam.
A practice midterm exam can be found here (see the second page for a list of equations & resources that will be provided).
The answer key to this practice midterm can be found here.
Permitted materials:
- You will be allowed to bring ONE SIDE of a single 8½''×11'' sheet of paper with anything you want written on that side. The information on the second page of the practice exam will be provided for you the day of the midterm.
- You may bring any calculator that is not able to access the internet.
- Any standard test-taking tools are also allowed (pencils, erasers, etc.).
Topics:
The midterm will cover all material presented in class from the first day through Friday, July 19, including lecture notes, tutorials, homeworks, and demos. A comprehensive list of topics is given below. In addition to those topics, you should be familiar with how to work with SI unit prefixes, how to convert between different unit systems, and how to perform simple algebraic manipulations (including working with logarithms). However, all necessary conversion factors will be provided.
Sound Propagation
- Definition of sound
- Factors that affect the speed of sound
- Calculating how far or long sound travels
- Doppler effect (and identify applications)
- Shock waves (and identify applications)
- Reflection (types & dependence on surface roughness)
- Absorption (dependence on surface hardness)
- Refraction (dependence on sound speed)
- Diffraction (dependence on wavelength)
- Interference: two-source (ΔL=nλ or ΔL=nλ/2), beats
Simple Harmonic Motion
- Relation between period and frequency
- Dependence of frequency on a system's elasticity (stiffness) and inertia (mass)
- Resonance (and identify applications)
- Damping
Psychoacoustics
- Relation between physical quantities and perceived qualities of a sound
- Fourier's theorem
- Pressure amplitude → intensity → SIL → loudness level
- Decibel scale: how the SIL shifts when sounds are combined
- Outer ear: pinna, auditory canal
- Middle ear: Eustachian tube, ear drum, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
- Inner ear: cochlea, oval window, round window, basilar membrane, hair cells, auditory nerve
- Place theory
- Critical bands (size and relation to dissonance)
- Missing fundamental
- Octave equivalence
Music
- Know names of intervals and corresponding half steps on a keyboard
- Pythagorean hypothesis
- Harmonic series and just intervals
- Pythagorean tuning and the Pythagorean comma
- Equal temperament
- Advantages of having fewer or more notes per octave in a scale